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In biology, mineralization refers to a process where an inorganic substance precipitates in an organic matrix. This may be due to normal biological processes that take place during the life of an organism such as the formation of bones, egg shells, teeth, coral, exoskeletons. It may also refer to abnormal processes that result in kidney and gall stones. == Types of Mineralization == Mineralization can be subdivided into different categories depending on the processes involved with mineral formation . These include: biomineralization, organomineralization, and inorganic mineralization. However, the published definitions and usages of these terms vary widely in scientific literature. The definitions used in Dupraz et al. (2009) are as follows: * Biomineralization: or biologically-controlled mineralization. This type of morphology, growth, composition, and location of the mineral is completely controlled by the cellular processes of a specific organism. Examples include the shells of invertebrates, such as Molluscs and Brachiopods, as well as the bones of vertebrates. * Organomineralization: can include both biologically-induced mineralization and biologically-influenced mineralization. * * Biologically-induced mineralization occurs when microbial metabolic activity creates conditions favorable for mineral formation, and the organic matrix secreted by microbes affects crystal morphology and composition. Examples include carbonate or silicate minerals in modern microbial mats as well as fossilized stromatolites and thrombolites. * * In contrast, biologically-influenced mineralization takes place when chemical conditions are influenced by abiotic processes (e.g. evaporation or degassing), but the organic matrix is responsible for crystal morphology and composition. Examples include micro- to nano-meter scale crystals of various morphologies. * Inorganic mineralization: is a completely abiotic process. Chemical conditions needed for mineral formation develop due to environmental processes (e.g. evaporation or degassing) and there is no organic control on crystal morphology or composition. Examples include cave formations, such as stalagmites and stalactites. The term remote calcification or remote mineralization takes place when microbes occupy a shell secreting organism and alter the internal environment at the site of calcification. Thus promotes mineral formation and results in mineral formation not strongly controlled by the host animal . Biological mineralization can also take place as a result of fossilization. See also calcification. Bone mineralization occurs in human body by cells called osteoblasts.. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mineralization (biology)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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